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Frontotemporal Dementia, Semantic Dementia, and Alzheimer’s Disease: The Contribution of Standard Neuropsychological Tests to Differential Diagnosis

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany, janine.diehl{at}lrz.tum.de

A. U. Monsch, PhD

Memory Clinic, Geriatric University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

C. Aebi, PhD

Memory Clinic, Geriatric University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

S. Wagenpfeil, PhD

Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

S. Krapp

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

T. Grimmer, MD

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

W. Seeley, MD

Center of Memory and Aging, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco

H. Förstl, MD

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

A. Kurz, MD

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

CERAD-NAB (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease-Neuropsychological Assessment Battery) data were compared between 51 patients with frontotemporal dementia, 13 with semantic dementia, and 69 with Alzheimer’s disease. There were statistically significant differences between the 3 groups. Compared with patients with Alzheimer’s disease, patients with frontotemporal dementia were more impaired on Animal Fluency but not on any other CERAD-NAB subtest. Patients with semantic dementia performed worse in Animal Fluency and Boston Naming Test compared with frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that in the differentiation between frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, the combination of Animal Fluency and Boston Naming Test correctly classified 90.5% of patients. In segregating semantic dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, the combination of Boston Naming Test and Mini Mental State Examination resulted in a correct classification of 96.3%. These findings demonstrate that the Mini Mental State Examination and the language subtests of the CERAD-NAB are valuable clinical instruments for the differential diagnosis between early frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease.(J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2005;18:39-44)

Key Words: frontotemporal dementia • semantic dementia • differential diagnosis • CERAD-NAB • Boston Naming test • animal fluency

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