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Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology
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Patterns of Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Cluster Analytic Examination

John Gunstad

Brown Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, JGunstad{at}Lifespan.org

Robert H. Paul

Brown Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine

Adam M. Brickman

Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University

Ronald A. Cohen

Brown Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine

Martijn Arns

Brain Resource Company Netherlands

Donald Roe

Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia

Jeffery J. Lawrence

Evian Gordon

Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia, Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Hospital, Brain Resource International Database, Brain Resource Company

Cognitive decline in speeded abilities, executive function, and memory is believed to typify normal aging. However, there is significant variability in cognitive function with advanced age and some reports of relatively intact cognitive function among a subset of older individuals. The present study consists of a cluster analysis to examine the patterns of cognitive function in middle-aged and older individuals. Analyses revealed 3 clusters of middle-aged adults, including an intact group, persons with poor motor speed, and a group with reduced executive function. Three clusters were also identified for older adults, including a group with poor executive function, persons with reduced speed performance (attention, executive function, motor), and a group with global cognitive decline. No evidence emerged for a cluster of older adults with intact performance in all domains or with isolated memory deficits. Findings generally support the frontal aging hypothesis and may provide important information about healthy cognitive aging.

Key Words: cognition • aging

Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, Vol. 19, No. 2, 59-64 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0891988705284738
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